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NASA considers SANS one of its red risks’ for a Mars mission, owing to its potential severity and the number of astronauts that could be exposed.
The main suspect for the cause of SANS is the fluid shift that occurs in microgravity.
Around two-thirds of astronauts on long missions to the ISS experience changes in visual acuity, particularly for close-up vision.
SANS involves an interplay of CO2 , vitamin deficiency and genetics.
Astronauts who develop SANS have higher levels of an amino acid known as homocysteine than those who avoid the syndrome.
Microgravity can cause other problems for astronauts besides SANS, including a loss of muscle mass and muscle density.
A large centrifuge would add to the weight, cost and complexity of the spaceship.
Waisberg says a smaller, less complicated alternative might be a human-powered centrifuge.
Despite the difficulties in finding the cause and the treatment for SANS, Smith says that researchers will keep hunting for answers.
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